Analysis of question items in Indonesian language textbooks for grade IX junior high school based on Higher Order Thinking Skills

Abstract

The results of an international study, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2022 set by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Indonesia is ranked 69th with a score; mathematics (379), science (398), and reading (359), in this reading ability has decreased significantly in the last 5 years, PISA results show that students' 21st century skills, such as problem solving, critical thinking, and high-level thinking skills (HOTS) are still not being handled well enough, the lack of improvement in PISA scores is reflection for education system in Indonesia. HOTS in textbooks can be used to train and improve high-level thinking skills. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) cognitive category in the questions contained in the Indonesian language textbook for junior high school grade IX published by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, the 2022 Merdeka Curriculum. This research method uses qualitative research, with content analysis. The results of the study found 52 questions that were categorized as HOTS. With questions in the analyzing category (C4) dominating, namely 28 questions, the evaluating category (C5) as many as 14 questions, and Creating (C6) which had a lower frequency of questions, namely 10 questions. This study shows that the questions contained in the Indonesian language textbook for junior high school grade IX can be categorized as good.